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Introduction

Chronic urticaria, also known as chronic hives, is a skin condition characterized by itchy, red, raised areas on the skin, known as hives. This condition affects approximately 1% of the population, with women being more commonly affected than men. Chronic urticaria can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, causing discomfort, sleep disturbances, and emotional distress. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for chronic urticaria.

Causes

The exact cause of chronic urticaria is not fully understood but is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response. In some cases, chronic urticaria may be triggered by an allergic reaction to specific foods, medications, or other substances. In other cases, it may be associated with autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease or lupus. Stress, infections, and physical factors, such as pressure or temperature changes, may also trigger chronic urticaria in some individuals.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of chronic urticaria is the appearance of raised, itchy, and red areas on the skin, known as hives. These rashes may appear and disappear quickly, lasting only a few hours or days. In some cases, these rashes may be accompanied by swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, which can be a sign of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis.

Diagnostic Methods

The diagnosis of chronic urticaria is typically based on a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. If the cause of the condition is not apparent, doctors may order blood tests or skin tests to identify any underlying allergies or autoimmune disorders. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other skin conditions.

Treatment Options

The treatment of chronic urticaria depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own without any treatment. However, if symptoms are severe or persistent, doctors may recommend antihistamine medications or other anti-allergy drugs to help relieve symptoms. In certain cases, doctors may suggest additional treatment options, such as phototherapy or immunomodulators.